compared 250 mL of a sugar-free energy drink of similar composition as RB versus a water control and found an increase in BP without a change in heart rate at one hour post-drink. reported no change in BP nor in heart rate within 45 min after ingesting capsules containing caffeine and taurine in amounts equivalent to those found in a 250 mL RB drink. investigated the effects of RB on exercise performance and mood in two separate experiments, and reported that consumption of 250 mL of RB did not alter resting blood pressure (BP) 30 min later. A decade ago, Baum and Weiss investigated the impact of the energy drink Red Bull (RB) on cardiac parameters before and after exercise in trained athletes and found that ingestion of 500 mL of RB did not lead to significant changes in heart rate or stroke volume when assessed within 40 min post-drink under resting conditions however, increased left atrium contractility leading to increased stroke volume was observed later during the post-exercise recovery period. Studies investigating the direct impact of energy drinks on the cardiovascular system are few, and the results are not always coherent. There is, however, little robust scientific investigation about the potential health risks associated with energy drinks. Despite these claims for beneficial effects, there are health concerns about these energy drinks because of reported side effects like cardiovascular complications or intoxication symptoms. Today, the majority of energy drinks are targeted toward adolescents and young adults, and the manufacturer’s publicity claims positive effects on overall performance, mental concentration, reaction speed, vigilance, metabolism and well-being if such a beverage is consumed. Their popularity has substantially increased since their introduction around 1960, and energy drinks are now one of the fastest growing segments in the beverage industry. Our results show an overall negative hemodynamic profile in response to ingestion of the energy drink Red Bull, in particular an elevated blood pressure and double product and a lower cerebral blood flow velocity.Įnergy drinks refer to a category of sugary drinks that also include variable amounts of caffeine, taurine and glucuronolactone as well as other ingredients that may include vitamins and minerals. Red Bull consumption also led to increases in cerebrovascular resistance and breathing frequency ( p < 0.005), as well as to decreases in cerebral blood flow velocity ( p < 0.005) and end-tidal carbon dioxide ( p < 0.005). Unlike the water control load, Red Bull consumption led to increases in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure ( p < 0.005), associated with increased heart rate and cardiac output ( p < 0.05), with no significant changes in total peripheral resistance and without diminished endothelial response to acetylcholine consequently, double product (reflecting myocardial load) was increased ( p < 0.005). During each session, primary measurements included beat-to-beat blood pressure measurements, impedance cardiography and transcranial Doppler measurements for at least 20 min baseline and for 2 h following the ingestion of either 355 mL of the energy drink or 355 mL of tap water the endothelial function test was performed before and two hours after either drink. Twenty-five young non-obese and healthy subjects attended two experimental sessions on separate days according to a randomized crossover study design. We determined the acute effects of a popular energy drink, Red Bull, on cardiovascular and hemodynamic variables, cerebrovascular parameters and microvascular endothelial function. There are concerns about the safety of energy drinks with some countries banning their sales. Energy drinks are beverages containing vasoactive metabolites, usually a combination of caffeine, taurine, glucuronolactone and sugars.
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